Repeat the view
Optical and radar satellites can compare ice boundaries, surface movement, lake growth and debris even across remote terrain.
Measure on the ground
Weather stations, GPS, water gauges and seismic instruments add detail that a picture from space cannot provide.
Find patterns and forecast
AI can combine images, terrain and climate signals. Forecasts are useful only when their uncertainty is stated clearly.
Local protection and warning
Biodegradable covers, drainage works and warning systems may protect specific assets or buy time. They cannot replace global emissions reduction.
Reuters: Swiss wool-cover trial